Recovering from Trauma Published July 16, 2009 By Dr. (Maj.) Mitzi Mitchell 48th Medical Group ROYAL AIR FORCE LAKENHEATH, England -- Many military personnel experience significant traumas, such as participation in combat, during the course of their careers. Responses to traumatic events vary significantly from person to person, depending on a number of factors, including previous life experiences and personal experience of the actual event. Research has shown most stress-related reactions, when present, are short-term in duration. However, sometimes reactions persist and should be addressed to prevent long-term problems. After exposure to trauma, most individuals experience a range of normal reactions, including feeling keyed-up or on edge; hypervigilance or an exaggerated startle response; irritability; sadness and crying; difficulty concentrating; preoccupation with the traumatic event; muscle tension; sleep disturbances; and appetite disturbances. These trauma-related stress reactions are normal reactions to abnormal situations. Many trauma survivors report that coping with and surviving a traumatic event actually enhances resilience and self-confidence. A number of strategies are effective for coping with trauma. Most importantly, talking about thoughts and feelings with others often leads to improved functioning. In the immediate aftermath of a trauma, it is also helpful to pay attention to basic needs, such as sleep, diet, exercise, social, and spiritual needs. Helping others who are in need is also adaptive. Seek immediate professional assistance when any of the following symptoms occur: suicidal or homicidal ideation, intention, or plans; hallucinations or delusions; severe depression and alcohol or drug abuse. Other symptoms do not necessarily warrant immediate attention, but professional assistance should be sought if they last longer than one month or impact work or social functioning. These symptoms include persistent avoidance of reminders of the trauma and emotional numbing; persistent loss of interest in family, friends, or activities; feelings of detachment from others; restricted range of affect (e.g., inability to have loving feelings); flashbacks, feeling as if the traumatic event were recurring; feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt; daily feelings of depression with persistent crying; and feelings of emptiness and sadness. For more information, contact the RAF Lakenheath Mental Health clinic at 226-8603.